The treatise pertaining to the phonetic and other aspects of Atharva Veda is also ascribed to the sage Saunaka, and derives its name from him: the Saunakiya Chaturadhyayika, which means the Book having four chapters by Saunak. Its translation done by Weber is available. The later is believed to have been written by Katyayana. The second treatise is commonly called the Shukla (White) Yajur, and is known as Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya. Its English translation done by Professor Whitney is also available, and the same has been published in the Journal of the American Oriental Society. The first, commonly known as the Krishna (Black) Yajur, is known as Taittriya Pratisakhya. There are two treatises dealing with phonetic and related aspects of the Yajur Veda. Regnier is also available, as is an English translation by Mangal Deva Shastri. It has been translated into German by Max Müller. The work is generally ascribed to Shaunaka, an ancient rishi (sage).
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One of the Pratisakhyas treats of the phonetic aspects of the Rig Veda. The phonetic aspects of Vajasaneyi Pratisakhya is closest to those found in the classic Sanskrit grammar work of Pāṇini. The few manuscripts of the pratisakhyas that have survived into the modern era are likely from the 500 to 150 BCE period.
#Vedas atharva veda manuals
They were composed centuries before the work of Pāṇini, but there is evidence in these manuals that many pratisakhya evolved and were revised over time by the respective school to their regional preferences. Though all the manuals have the same basic goal, they differ significantly in how each achieves that goal. Pratishakhyas begin with word-for-word recitation, and then supply rules for the continuous recitation of texts. Many pratishakhyas have survived into the modern age, and, according to Hartmut Scharfe, all except one ( Taittiriya pratisakhya) are based upon "recitation of isolated words". Each Veda has a pratishakhya for each school. They manuals are parts of the Shiksha Vedanga: works dealing with the phonetic aspects of the Sanskrit language used in the Vedas.
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Each Vedic school ( parisad, or parsad) and geographic branch ( sakha) developed their own manuals, explaining why they have come to be called parsada or pratisakhya. These works were critical to the preservation of the Vedic texts, as well as the accurate ritual recitations and analyses of the Vedas, particularly when isolated words interact after they have been joined in sandhi procedures. Pratishakhya ( Sanskrit: प्रातिशाख्य prātiśākhya), also known as Parsada ( pārṣada), are Vedic-era manuals devoted to the precise and consistent pronunciation of words.